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ESICM Emergency Response
Prevention strategies for VAP
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◄ Epidemiology and diagnostic considerations
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Normal Haemostasis
Prothrombin Time and INR
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
Fibrinogen Levels
Thrombin Time
Activated Clotting Time
Fibrinogen Degradation Products and D-Dimers
Thromboelastography
Introduction to thrombocytopenia
Diagnostic approach to thrombocytopenia
Approach to the thrombocytopenic patient
Management of Thrombocytopenia
HIT: Introduction
HIT: Pathophysiology
HIT: Clinical Syndrome
HIT: Clinical diagnosis
Laboratory diagnosis of HIT
Management of HIT and HITT (HIT with Thrombosis)
AM: Introduction
Antiplatelet agents
Vitamin K antagonists (including warfarin)
Heparin
Danaparoid
Fondaparinux
Bivalirudin
Argatroban
Dabigatran
Thrombolytics
Interruption of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy in the ICU
Perioperative management of patients receiving vitamin K antagonist therapy
Bridging of anticoagulant therapy
Perioperative management of antiplatelet therapy
Perioperative management of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants
MT: Introduction
Definitions and diagnosis
Therapeutic goals in massive haemorrhage
Patient subgroups
Complications of Massive Blood Transfusion
Organisational aspects of a massive haemorrhage protocol
Blood Components
Equipment for blood administration
Logistics of Blood Supply
Pharmacological options in massive haemorrhage
Non-pharmacological management options
Interpretation of coagulation tests during a massive transfusion
Controversy and changing practice
MOB: Introduction
Overview of ECLS technology
Anticoagulation of ECLS circuits
Bleeding during ECLS
TH: Introduction
Venous-thromboembolism risk assessment
Mechanical Thromboprophylaxis
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Ileo-femoral Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Executive Summary
Cardiovascular support
Respiratory support
Acute kidney injury
Limb compartment syndromes
Abdominal compartment syndrome
Others
Early hypothermia
Late hyperthermia
Sepsis following burn injury
Diagnosis of sepsis
Organisms
Topical Antimicrobial Therapy
Systemic Antimicrobial Therapy
Energy expenditure following burn injury
Nutritional support
Caloric requirements
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Pathophysiology
Beta-blockers
Androgens
Management of pain and sedation
Types of pain
Pharmacological Management of Pain
Psychological support
Executive Summary
Types of Inhalation Injury
Definitions
Clinical manifestations
Upper airway burn injury and assessment
Lower airway burn injury and assessment
Diagnostic bronchoscopy
Bronchial toilet
Nebulised therapy
Causes of ARDS
General principles of management
Systemic Effects of Inhaled Toxins
Carbon Monoxide
Cyanide
Introduction
Etiology of DIC
Diagnosis of DIC
Scoring systems for the diagnosis of DIC
Differential diagnosis of DIC
Normal coagulation cascade
Pathophysiological changes in coagulation during DIC
Management of DIC
Prophylactic Anticoagulation
Platelet Transfusion
Plasma/Cryoprecipitate/Fibrinogen Concentrate Transfusion
General considerations
Diagnosis of HAIs – colonisation versus infection
Prevention strategies for HAIs
Epidemiology and diagnostic considerations
Epidemiology and diagnostic considerations
Prevention strategies for CRBSI
Epidemiology and diagnostic considerations
Prevention strategies for CAUTI
Conclusions
Introduction
Definitions and mortality distribution
Trauma scores
Trauma systems
Mechanisms of injury
Blunt trauma
Penetrating trauma and comparison
Blast injuries
Physiological response to trauma
Time frame of physiological responses to trauma
Clinical features of physiological responses to trauma
Anticipation and preparation
Reception phase
Interventions in the Resuscitation Room
Damage Control Concept
Circulatory failure and haemorrhagic shock
Respiratory Failure and Airway Management
Neurological Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury
Special populations
Cardiac arrest management
Damage control strategy
Permissive hypotension
Haemostatic resuscitation
Acute traumatic coagulopathy
Standard coagulation tests
Therapy
Initial ICU Admission and Priorities
Management of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Prioritizing Injuries and Surgical Timing
Coagulation and Thromboembolic Risk Management
Fluid Balance and Hemodynamic Optimization
Conclusion
The complex trauma patient in the ICU beyond 48 hours
Multi-organ dysfunction after major trauma
Persistent critical illness after major trauma
Respiratory Complications in the ICU After Major Trauma
Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Kidney Injury After Trauma
Infectious complications
Sedation of the trauma patient
Advanced Considerations in Sedation and Analgesia for ICU Trauma Patients
Timing of Surgical Interventions in ICU Trauma Patients
Traumatic Brain Injury: With and Without Elevated ICP
State of the art nutrition management in the trauma-ICU
A pragmatic approach to nutrition after multisystem trauma
Communication with trauma patients and their families in ICU
Family-centred care with structured family meetings
Dealing with uncertainty
Time-limited trial
Communicating bad news
Addressing emerging ethical dilemmas
Addressing conflict
Anatomy of the Viscerocranium
Mechanisms of injury (blunt versus penetrating trauma)
Classification of Facial Fractures
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Imaging
Management Strategies
Take Home Messages
Anatomy of the Viscerocranium
Mechanisms of injury (blunt versus penetrating trauma)
Classification of Facial Fractures
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Imaging
Management Strategies
Take Home Messages
Management of Neck Injuries Including Penetrating Trauma and Airway Management
Initial Assessment and Prioritization
Anatomical Zoning of Neck Injuries
Imaging and Diagnostic Workup
Airway Management in Neck Trauma
Penetrating Neck Injuries: Management Strategy
Blunt Neck Trauma
Airway Management in Tracheal or Laryngeal Trauma
Postoperative and ICU Management
Conclusion
Thoracic trauma
Anatomy
Clinical presentation
Diagnostic imaging
Management strategies
Aortic Injuries in Trauma: Pathophysiology and Management
Mechanisms and Classification
Diagnosis
Management
Prognosis and Follow-up
Conclusion
Abdominal trauma
Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Abdominal Trauma
Strategy of care
Organs’ specificities
Pelvic ring injury
The concept of stability: anatomical considerations and classifications
Clinical examination and imaging
Complex pelvic fractures
Initial management of unstable pelvic ring injuries: the “damage control”
Complications and prognosis
Extremity injury
Surgical prioritisation
Introduction
Definitions
Epidemiology
General considerations
Physiological differences and their implications on clinical management
Organisational aspects
Primary survey
Management c-ABCDE
Haemorrhagic shock
Emergency medications
Cardiac arrest in paediatric trauma
Triage and orientation
Intensive care management
Imaging strategy
Abdominal trauma
Thoracic trauma
Brain trauma
Key messages
Introduction
Approach to Transfer of Critically Ill Patients: Risks versus Benefits
Indications for Transport in Critically Ill Patients
Planning the Transfer of a Critically Ill Patient
Deciding to Transport the Patient
Early Versus Late Transfer and the Need for Stabilization
The Transfer Team
Transport Equipment
Conclusion
Introduction
Conducting Interfacility Patient Transport
General Safety Considerations
Special Clinical Environments during Interfacility Transport
Choosing the Appropriate Transport Vehicle for Interfacility Transport
Air Medical Transport
Preparing for Patient Transportation
Treating the Patient During Transport
Clinical Challenges During Transport
Receiving a Patient from the Transport Team
Advanced Critical Care Transport Capabilities: Mechanical Circulatory Support
Considerations for Intrahospital Patient Transport
Intrahospital Special Clinical Environments
Conclusion
Introduction
Prehospital and Retrieval Medicine
Dispatch
Prehospital Teams and their Skills
Patient Assessment and Care on the Scene
Prehospital Triage
Developments in Prehospital Procedures and Interventions
Selection of a Receiving Hospital
Prehospital Report and Patient Handoff
Prehospital Training for Hospital Providers
Prehospital and Retrieval Medicine Clinical Governance
Military and Global Transport
Aeromedical evacuation
Critical Care Aeromedical Evacuation
Aeromedical Evacuation of Highly Infectious Patients
Global Repatriation of Civilian Patients
Conclusion
Resuscitation and Haemodynamic Support of the Septic Patient
Endpoints of resuscitation
Haemodynamic monitoring
Treatments
Summary
Identification and control of the source of infection
Clinical recognition of infection
Sources of Infection
Clinical Examination, Laboratory Investigations, Microbiological Testing and Imaging
Sepsis phenotypes
Source Control
Conclusion
Early Management of Head Injury
Clinical history
Immediate assessment and treatment
Patient investigations
Communication
Further and more detailed physical examination (secondary survey)
Criteria guiding referral to neurosurgical hospital
Concept of tiered management
Definition And Detection Of Secondary Brain Injury
Primary and secondary brain injury
Extra cranial causes
Intra cranial physiologicial causes
Overview of Imaging after TBI
Intra cerebral lesions and their effects
Assessment Of Severe Brain Injury
Neurological monitoring
ICP monitoring
ICP waveform disturbances
Indications for monitoring ICP patients with head injury
Methods to measure ICP
Threshold for ICP treatment
Threshold for CPP treatment
Approach to the interpretation of ICP data
The place of advanced monitoring techniques in head injury
Treatment Of Severe Head Injury
Therapeutic intervention level
Specific management
General Intensive Care for Patients with TBI
Central nervous system
Respiratory system
Gastrointestinal system – nutrition and stress ulceration
Metabolic function
Haematology/coagulation – venous thromboembolic disease
Infections – prevention and management
Management of other injuries
Late complications of traumatic brain injury
Outcome from severe head injury
Prediction of outcome
Measurement of outcome
Audit
Conclusion
Key points in TBI
Bleeding and Thrombosis course
Burns Injury Part II
Burns Injury Part III
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Infection Prevention and control
Multiple Trauma part I
Multiple Trauma part II
Multiple Trauma part III
Multiple Trauma part IV
Multiple Trauma part V
Multiple Trauma part VI
Patient Transportation Part I
Patient Transportation Part II
Patient Transportation Part III
Sepsis and Septic Shock Part II
Sepsis and Septic Shock Part III
Traumatic Brain Injury Part I
Traumatic Brain Injury Part II
Traumatic Brain Injury Part III
Traumatic Brain Injury Part IV
Traumatic Brain Injury Part V
Epidemiology and diagnostic considerations ►
