Abdominal problems are common in critically ill patients, either as the primary indication for admission or, more commonly, as a reflection of underlying illness. The interaction between abdominal organs and critical illness are complex and can present in a variety of ways 

In order to manage abdominal problems effectively, a comprehensive initial diagnostic work up, together with an understanding of normal physiology and early assessment of disease severity (aetiological factors and predisposing conditions) is required, followed by continuous monitoring in anticipation of complications. This global approach should form the basis of patient management.  

This is second of four modules dedicated to abdominal problems in critically ill patients. Two key tasks are presented in this module 

• Assessment of GI function in ICU patients and understanding common GI symptoms. 
• Defining acute gastrointestinal injury: what is GI dysfunction and failure? 

Caveat: The evidence for clinical management of abdominal problems in critically ill patients is sparse. Many of the recommendations in this module are based on common sense or expert-opinion and, as such, the recommendations of this module should be interpreted with caution.